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Insurance contract

INTERPRÉTATION DU CONTRAT D’ASSURANCE EN FAVEUR DE L’ASSURE

En matière d’assurance, la jurisprudence a dégagé un principe selon lequel les clauses obscures ou ambiguës s’interprètent en faveur de l’assuré et que le doute lui profite.

« Toute clause obscure ou ambiguë doit s’interpréter contre l’assureur » (CA Montpellier, 27 juin 1990 : RGAT 1990, page 118).

« (…) Mais attendu, d’abord que c’est par une interprétation que les termes ambiguës du contrat rendaient nécessaire que la cour d’appel a interprété dans le sens le plus favorable à l’assuré la clause d’exclusion de garantie litigieuse (Civ. II, 18 novembre 2010, n°09-71247).

L’interprétation in favorem est naturellement celle qui permet d’accorder à l’assuré la garantie d’assurance.

De manière générale, la jurisprudence constante en matière des assurances considère que la clause d’une police d’assurance est ambiguë si elle doit être interprétée pour être comprise par l’assuré.

De même, une clause d’exclusion relative à la négligence de l’assuré s’interprète strictement. Ainsi, elle ne doit pas être appliquée lorsque l’assuré prête les clés de sa voiture à un ami qui, de son propre aveu, les perd sans s’en rendre compte : ce cas de figures ne correspond pas aux circonstances visées dans la clause d’exclusion (Toulouse, 2e ch., sect. II, 9 mai 2006, JA 07).

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